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Case Studies

Today, we will go over a few case studies that will foster critical thinking skills. This webpage link contains a few practice case studies. http://www.culturediversity.org/hisp.htm

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Hematology

Hello all, today we will review the the hematological system.

Pathophysiology/Etiology

-    Malignant disorder of the blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph systems characterized by unregulated proliferation of WBC (Cancer of white blood cells (WBC)
-    Exact cause unknown; but factors involved in development include: radiation, certain chemicals and drugs (such as chemotherapy agents), genetic and immunologic factors
-    Two main types: acute lymphocytic leukemia (peak age incidence 2 – 4 years); Acute myelogenous leukemia (most common leukemia among adults and peaks at age 60)
-    Acute leukemia has a rapid onset, progresses rapidly; left untreated, death will result in days or months
Assessment
-    Immune function and bone marrow function assessments
-    Pay close attention to client’s skin: bruising, bleeding, painful lymph nodes); oral cavity; gastrointestinal status (rectal bleeding, pain, diarrhea); genitourinary system (dysuria, hematuria)

Signs and Symptoms

Associated with depressed bone marrow and infiltration of leukemic cells into other organ systems:
-    Bone pain
-    Joint swelling
-    Enlarged liver and spleen
-    Weight loss
-    Fever
-    Swollen lymph nodes
-    Signs of anemia (fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, dyspnea on exertion)
-    Signs of bleeding (ecchymoses, hematuria, bleeding gums)

Diagnostic

-    WBC count often elevated
-    Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets decreased
-    Bleeding times increased
-    Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy – most definitive

Treatment

-    Chemotherapy standard treatment for leukemia
-    Other drugs used to control /prevent infection and nausea/vomiting
-    Chemotherapy drugs (vincristine, predisone, cyclophosphamide)
-    Side effects: bone marrow depression (causing increased risk of infection); stomatitis; alopecia; fatigue; GI effects (nausea, vomiting); monitor for extravasation
Immune globulin (to minimize infection)
-    Antiemetics: (zofran, compazine, raglan) given 30 minutes prior to therapy
-    Interferon alfa (minimize infection, slow growth of cancer cells)

Nursing Interventions

-    Skin and mouth care
-    Monitor lab results – CBC, bleeding times
-    Nutritional support
-    Pain management
-    IV site care
-    Infection control / Isolation requirements

The link below provides an array of nursing care plans.

http://www.rncentral.com/nursing-library/careplans

Reference

Brunner, L.S., Suddarth, D.S., & Smeltzer, S. C. O. (2008). Medical-Surgical Nursing (11th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Respiratory structure

The image below provides a detailed view of the respiratory system.

Reference Medical Exam Essentials.(2012). Respiratory system diagram. Retrieved from http://www.medical-exam-essentials.com/respiratory-system-diagram.html

Respiratory

Hello All, The power point below will review various respiratory disorders.

Resp disorder

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Respiratory system

Welcome back everyone, this week will be reviewing the respiratory system and several respiratory disorders.

Cardiogenic Shock

There has been a change, today we will be reviewing cardiogenic shock instead of cardiac arrythmias. The power point below contains definition, causes, risk factors, signs and syptoms and nursing management.

Cardiogenicshock

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Myocardial Infarct

The voki will be used for this lesson to define myocardial Infarct along with the signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tests and treatment options. Reference MayoClinic (2011)Heart Attack retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-attack/DS00094/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

Cardiovascular System

This week we will review three common cardiovascular disorders: congestive heart failure, myocardial infarct and cardiac arrhythmias. Congestive Heart failure (CHF) is the inability of the heart sufficiently to pump blood throughout the body. The causes include coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, obesity and among others (MayoClinic, 2011). Below is a video that shows a 3D image of the heart and a thorough explanation on CHF. Nursing Care Plan

Nursing Care Plan For Chf

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Reference Mayo Clinic (2011) Heart Failure retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/DS00061

Welcome

The purpose of this blog is to provide relevant information regarding several topics in Medical-Surgical Nursing. Information provided will enhance course content. Medical-Surgical Nursing applies the nursing process to several disorders in the healthcare continuum (Lee College, 2012).The knowledge gained from medical-surgical nursing allows nurses to provide care in a variety of healthcare settings, in various stages of illness and meeting the health promotion needs of individuals ( Brunner & Suddarth, 2008).

The objective of this blog is for students to:

• Identify components of the diease process.

• Identify common medical-surgical conditions.

• Utilize the nursing process to assist in developing a plan of care

• Recognize appropriate nursing care during the diagnostic and assessment phase.

• Identify nursing goals for patients with common medical and surgical conditions

• Demonstrate critical thinking skills.

According to Glencoe (2006) a blog is a user friendly technological application that is a useful communication tool and has several educational benefits such as encouraging student’s participation, forum for collaboration and discussion and reinforces learning objectives. This blog will incorporate technological applications, discussions and critical thinking to deliver course information.

References

Brunner, L. S., & Suddarth, D. S.(2008). Medical-Surgical Nursing (11th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Glencoe (2006) Using Blogs to Integrate Technology in the Classroom retrieved from http://www.glencoe.com/sec/teachingtoday/educationupclose.phtml/47

Lee College (2012) Medical-Surgical Nursing II retrieved from http://www.lee.edu/syllabus_descr.asp?CRSE_ID=003039